Uluslararası İlişkiler’de Norma İtiraz: Küresel Literatürdeki Yönelim ve Türkçe Yazına Olası Katkılar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18033622Anahtar Kelimeler:
Norma itiraz, Uluslararası normlar, Norm teorisi, Uluslararası ilişkilerÖzet
Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde kurulan tek kutuplu normatif düzen, özellikle 2010’lu yıllarla birlikte hegemonik yapılara ve yerleşik normlara yönelik artan sorgulamalarla karşılaşmaya başlamıştır. Bu dönüşüm Uluslararası İlişkiler (Uİ) disiplininde, normların, sabit birer davranış standardı olmaktan çıkıp, anlamı öznelerce sürekli müzakere edilen dinamik süreçler olarak yeniden tanımlanmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu teorik dönüşüm, küresel ölçekte norma itiraz (norm contestation) literatürünün hızla gelişmesini sağlarken, Türkiye akademiyasında söz konusu alt literatürün henüz yeterli ilgiyi görmediği ve çalışmaların geleneksel norm literatürü ile sınırlı kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda bu derleme makalesi (review article), Türkçe literatürdeki bu boşluğa dikkat çekmeyi ve norma itiraz kavramını Türkiye’deki araştırmacılara tanıtarak yeni çalışma alanlarını teşvik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Web of Science (SSCI), Scopus, Google Scholar, JSTOR, EBSCOHost ve Dergipark olmak üzere ulusal ve uluslararası veri tabanlarında zaman kısıtı olmaksızın kapsamlı bir tarama gerçekleştirilmiş; normların dönüşümü ve norma itirazın normatif düzen üzerindeki rolü sistematik olarak incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda makale, norma itirazın normların meşruiyetini her zaman zedeleyen bir tehdit değil, bazen de normun yaşam döngüsünü besleyen ve normun meşruiyet zeminini olgunlaştıran bir mekanizma olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle Türkiye’nin jeopolitik konumu ve tarihsel mirası düşünüldüğünde, norma itiraz perspektifinden yeni çalışmaların yapılmasının Batıdışı yaklaşımların geliştirilmesine ve araştırmacı refleksivitesinin artırılmasına olanak tanıyacağı savunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak norma itirazın Türkçe Uİ çalışmalarına entegrasyonunun, disiplinin teorik, metodolojik ve ampirik açılardan derinlik kazanmasına destek olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
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