Lider-Üye Etkileşiminde Bağlanma Figürü Olarak Liderin Yapılandırmacı Rolü Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476429Anahtar Kelimeler:
Lider-üye etkileşimi (LÜE), bağlanma kuramı, +DIr/+DUr eki (bildirme eki), yapılandırmacı liderlikÖzet
Liderler ve takipçileri arasındaki etkileşimlerin örgütsel sonuçların şekillenmesinde çok önemli bir rol oynadığı açıktır. Bu önemin altını çizen liderlik tarzlarının ve geliştirilen yaklaşımların çokluğu, 'tam kapsamlı' bir liderlik modelinin geliştirilmesi arayışlarını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, lider ve takipçileri arasındaki ilişkilerin şekillenmesi sürecini çerçeveleyen Lider-Üye Etkileşimi (LMX) yaklaşımına yeni bir katman ekleyerek ilişkiye yönelik yeni bir rol önerilmektedir. Liderin yapılandırmacı rolü olarak ifade edilecek bu rol, lider üye etkileşimi kuramı ile bağlanma kuramının entegrasyonu üzerinden inşa edilmektedir. Bakım verenler ile ilişkilerinin kalitesine dayalı olarak çocukluğun erken dönemlerinde geliştirilen bağlanma stillerinin yaşam boyu ilişkileri büyük ölçüde etkilediğini öne süren araştırmalarla uyumlu olarak, liderin örgütsel düzlemde oynayabileceği yeni bir rol olan bağlanma figürü rolünün lider tarafından üstlenilmesi ile LMX ilişkilerinin kalitesi ve örgütsel çıktılar üzerinde olumlu etkiler üreteceği öne sürülmektedir. Yapılandırmacı liderlik olarak anılabilecek bu yaklaşım, liderin ekip üyeleriyle erken çocukluk dönemindeki bağlanma ilişkilerine benzer şekilde anlamlı ve destekleyici ilişkiler kurma becerisini vurgulayan bir model olup açık iletişimi, işbirliğini ve inovasyonu teşvik eden bir ortam yaratarak liderin ekiplerinde güven oluşturma, duygusal destek sağlama ve güvenlik duygusunu geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. Liderlerin kendi benlik kavramlarını aktif bir şekilde geliştirmelerini, olumlu niteliklere odaklanmalarını ve bunları takipçilerini değerlendirmek ve onlarla etkileşimde bulunmak için bir temel olarak kullanmalarını gerektiren bu model, bu yolla takipçilerin benlik yapıları ile başkaları ile olan ilişkilerini geriye dönük yapılandırma zemini oluşturabileceği vurgusunu yapmaktadır. Nihayetinde liderlerin örgüt içinde üstlenecekleri güven, duyarlılık ve desteğe dayalı bağlanma figürü rolünün, örgütlerde yapılandırmacı liderlik açısından kuramsal ve uygulamaya dönük olumlu sonuçları beraberinde getireceği önerilmektedir. Liderler, yapılandırmacı bir rolü benimseyerek ve liderliğin duygusal ve ilişkisel yönlerine öncelik vererek, takipçilerinin çalışma gruplarına bağlılıklarını etkili bir şekilde şekillendirebilecek; bu ise daha fazla takipçi memnuniyeti, bağlılığı ve iş beklentilerinin ötesine geçme istekliliğine yol açabilecektir. Lider-takipçi ilişkilerinde destek ve güvenin önemi vurgulayan model etkili liderlik için hayati önem taşıyan bu unsurların takipçiler arasında daha iyi performans, daha fazla örgütsel bağlılık ve daha yüksek iş tatmini düzeylerine yol açabileceğini ileri sürmektedir.
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