Fiziksel İnaktivite ve Sirkadiyen (Biyolojik) Ritim Bozukluklarının Obeziteye Etkisi


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Yazarlar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14257248

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Fiziksel İnaktivite, Sirkadiyen Ritim, Obesite

Özet

Bilinçli ve kaliteli bir yaşam sürdürebilmek için fiziksel inaktivitenin ve biyolojik ritmin bozulma nedenleri ile bu bozulmaların obeziteye etkilerinin bilinmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışma, fiziksel inaktivitenin ve sirkadiyen (biyolojik) ritim bozukluklarının obezite üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatür araştırması için PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus ve Google Scholar gibi bilimsel veritabanlarında araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Fiziksel aktivite, genel sağlık ve refah için kritik bir faktördür, ancak günümüzde artan sedanter yaşam tarzı, obezite prevalansını artırmaktadır. Fiziksel inaktivite, uyku kalitesini düşürür ve bu da biyolojik ritmin bozulmasına yol açar. Biyolojik ritimlerdeki bozulmalar, obeziteye katkıda bulunan çeşitli fizyolojik değişikliklere neden olabilir. Düşük fiziksel aktivite seviyeleri, enerji dengesizliğine ve aşırı yağ birikimine yol açarak obezite riskini artırmaktadır. Araştırmalar, uykunun kısıtlanmasının, hipotalamusta bulunan merkezi biyolojik saatin sirkadiyen ritmini bozabileceğini ve bunun, uyku-uyanıklık döngülerini düzenleyen melatonin hormonu üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Alkol ve nikotin gibi maddelerin kullanımı da biyolojik ritimleri bozabilir. Özellikle gece boyunca yapay ışığa maruz kalmak, sirkadiyen ritimleri önemli ölçüde bozabilir. Ayrıca, kronik stres, sirkadiyen ritimlerin bozulmasına neden olarak kortizol seviyelerini artırabilir ve bu durum duygudurum bozukluklarına yol açabilir. Sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları, glikoz regülasyonu ve yağ asidi oksidasyonunda rol oynayan adiponektin hormonunun düzenlenmesini bozarak yağ birikimini artırabilir. Uyku süresi ve kalitesi biyolojik ritimlerle yakından ilişkilidir; uyku bozuklukları ise obezite riskini artırabilir. Sosyal jetlag yaşayan bireyler, düzensiz uyku-uyanıklık döngüleri ve yeme alışkanlıkları nedeniyle kilo alabilir ve obezite riski artabilir. Sirkadiyen ritim bozuklukları, iştah ve enerji dengesini düzenleyen hormonal salgılarda değişikliklere yol açabilir. Özellikle kısa uyku süresi, artan ghrelin (açlık hormonu) seviyeleri ve azalan leptin (tokluk hormonu) salınımları, aşırı yemek yeme ve kilo alma döngüsünü başlatarak obeziteye yol açabilir. Sonuç olarak, fiziksel inaktivite enerji dengesizliğine ve aşırı yağ birikimine yol açarak obezite riskini artırdığı saptanmıştır. Sirkadiyen ritim bozukluklarının en önemli nedenlerinden birinin uyku düzensizliği olduğu ve metabolik düzensizliklere neden olarak iştahı ve enerji dengesini düzenleyen hormonalar da değişiklikler yaparak aşırı yemek yeme ve kilo alma sürecini tetikleyebildiği, dolayısıyla obeziteye neden olduğu saptanmıştır. Sağlık politikalarında, bireylerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik teşvikler ve biyolojik ritimlerin korunmasına yönelik farkındalık çalışmalarına daha fazla yer verilmesi gerekmektedir.

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Yayınlanmış

2024-11-30

Nasıl Atıf Yapılır

Şerare, S. (2024). Fiziksel İnaktivite ve Sirkadiyen (Biyolojik) Ritim Bozukluklarının Obeziteye Etkisi. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 11(113), 2315–2325. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14257248