THE TRIGONOMETRIC CALCULATION OF THE SUN'S ANGLE OF INCIDENCE AND DAYTIME

Abstract

In this study; Mathematical calculation of equinoxes, comparison of the values between solar time and real time during the summer solstice and winter solstice, calculation of day and night hours of the day according to the latitudes observed at summer solstice and winter solstice, and the declination angle of the sun with the atmosphere at sunrise and sunset were investigated.

The study was prepared by using the data obtained from the field research. At the summer solstice, 30, 40, 50, 60 degrees sun rays angle from northern latitudes and angles to the equator are explained. At the Spring and Autumn Equinox, the Sun's rays are taken as 0° as they are directed at the Equator. The state of the sun at different latitudes was calculated using mathematical formulas like triangle analogy and Trigonometry. The time spent at night was subtracted from the calculated 24 hours and the day time was found.

With the findings below mentioned results have been reached.

Actual solar time is slightly more than the theoretical value, and the closer to the Arctic Circle, the greater the difference.

Trigonometric function can be used to calculate sunlight. Atmospheric refraction is the reason why the true value of sunlight is slightly larger than the theoretical value. The difference in the angle of refraction of the atmosphere is 34,008.

At sunset, the shape of the sun becomes elliptical due to atmospheric refraction.