ONTOLOGY OF LITERARY THEORIES

Abstract

From the second half of the 19th century, after the acceptance of literary science as science, as in other social sciences, some theoretical studies have emerged for the whole of literature.
From this period, the approaches to both the literary work and the writer and also towards the relationship between these two and the reader and society have shown themselves. Since the first quarter of the 20th century, in addition to traditional criticism theories, major theories such as positivist criticism, sociological criticism, Marxist criticism, psychoanalytic criticism, structuralism, post-structuralism and reception aesthetics have become systematic.
In this study, existential rationale, nature and functions of literary theories in the processes starting from the second half of the 19th century to the first quarter of the 21st century will be emphasized. As a whole, general evaluations will be made on how each of these literary theories will contribute to the field of literature, so that some determinations will be made for the common ground of literary theories.