The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Prosocial Behaviors: A Case Study in Kayseri


Abstract views: 25 / PDF downloads: 17

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14279373

Keywords:

Transformational Leadership, Trust In Leader, Voice Behavior, Creativity

Abstract

In today's business world where changes have risen to a decisive position and dominated by innovation-centered competition, voice behavior and employee creativity have become some of the essential requirements for organizational sustainability and success. Voice behaviors, which is defined as free expression of thoughts, and individual creativity are particularly important variables in today's business world.  In this study, transformational leadership and trust in the leader, which is thought to have an impact on voice and creativity variables, were taken into consideration. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of transformational leader behaviors on voice behavior and creativity where trust in leader has mediating role. For this purpose, data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 394 full-time employees working in manufacturing companies in Kayseri. With parallel to the established hypotheses, we have found that transformational leadership has a positive effect on voice behaviors and creativity of employees. In addition, trust in leader has a partial mediator role on those relationships.

References

Aldoory, L., & Toth, E. (2004). Leadership and gender in public relations: Perceived effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership styles. Journal of Public Relations Research, 16(2), 157-183. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1602_2

Arnold, K. A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & McKee, M. C. (2007). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: The mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.193

Arslan, A. ve Yener, S., (2016). İşgören sesliliği ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması çalışması, Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(1), 173-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.11611/JMER757

Arslantaş, C. ve Dursun, M. (2008). Etik liderlik davranışının yöneticiye duyulan güven ve psikolojik güçlendirme üzerindeki etkisinde etkileşim adaletinin dolaylı rolü. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 111-128.

Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Walumbwa, F. O., Luthans, F., & May, D. R. (2004). Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(6), 801-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.09.003

Awaja, D. S., Awaja, A. R., & Raju, V. (2018). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Innovation of Universities: The Mediating Role of Trust in Leader. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3(8), 469-476.

Bai, Y., Li, P. P., & Xi, Y. (2012). The distinctive effects of dual-level leadership behaviors on employees’ trust in leadership: An empirical study from China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(2), 213-237. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-011-9280-6

Balster, L. (1992). Transformational leadership. Oregon: ERIC Digest

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.

Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional–transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries?. American Psychologist, 52(2), 130-139.

Bass, B. M. (1999). Two decades of research and development in transformational leadership. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 8(1), 9-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 135943299398410

Bass, B. M., Avolio, B. J., Jung, D. I., & Berson, Y. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of applied psychology, 88(2), 207-2018. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.2.207

Biçkes, D. M., Yılmaz, C., & Bakkal, H. (2017). A Leader and A Symbol Personality: Necmettin Erbakan. Electronic Turkish Studies, 12(8), 51-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.11649

Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York, NY: Wiley.

Boas, S. (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 285-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(99)00013-2

Borgen S.O. (2001). Identification as a trust-generating mechanism in cooperatives. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 72(2), 209- 228. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00165

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harperve Row Publishers.

Carless, S. A., Wearing, A. J., ve Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 389-405.

Chandranathan, P. (2024). Entrepreneurial leadership and transformational leadership: a historical-comparative conceptual analysis. Journal of Management History. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMH-10-2023-0109

Chang, W ve Chiang, Z. H. (2007). A study on how to elevating organizational creativity of design organization. IASDR07 International Association of Societies of Design Research, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Chaubey, A., Sahoo, C. K., & Khatri, N. (2019). Relationship of transformational leadership with employee creativity and organizational innovation: A study of mediating and moderating influences. Journal of Strategy and Management, 12(1), 61-82. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-07-2018-0075

Chen, S. J., Wang, M. J., & Lee, S. H. (2018). Transformational leadership and voice behaviors: The mediating effect of employee perceived meaningful work. Personnel Review, 47(3), 694-708. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2017-0016

Cheung, M. F., & Wong, C. S. (2011). Transformational leadership, leader support, and employee creativity. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(7), 656-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731111169988

Chughtai, A., Byrne, M., & Flood, B. (2015). Linking ethical leadership to employee well-being: The role of trust in supervisor. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(3), 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2126-7

Ciraklar, N. H., Ucar, Z., & Sezgin, O. B. (2016). Effects of Paternalistic Leadership on Organizational Identification: Mediating Role of Trust in Leader. Research Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2016116546

De Clercq, D., & Mustafa, M. J. (2024). How transformational leaders get employees to take initiative and display creativity: the catalytic role of work overload. Personnel Review, 53(2), 488-507. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2022-0090

Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X., & Li, C. (2017). Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual‐focused transformational leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(3), 439-458. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2134

Duan, J., Li, C., Xu, Y., & Wu, C. H. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee voice behavior: A Pygmalion mechanism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), 650-670. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/job.2157

Duan, J., Wang, X. H., Janssen, O., & Farh, J. L. (2022). Transformational leadership and voice: when does felt obligation to the leader matter? Journal of Business and Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10869-021-09758-z

Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735-744. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069307

Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of management studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.

Engelen, A., Gupta, V., Strenger, L., & Brettel, M. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors. Journal of management, 41(4), 1069-1097. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312455244

Farr, J. L., ve West, M. A. (Eds.). (1990). Innovation and creativity at work: Psychological and Organizational Strategies. Wiley.

Ghadi, M. Y. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Meaningful Work: Building A Conceptual Model of Indirect and Direct Paths. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 13(1), 143-160.

Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning in work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532-550.

Girma, S. (2016). The relationship between leadership style, job satisfaction and culture of the organization. International Journal of Applied Research, 2(4), 35-45.

Gong, Y., Huang, J. C., & Farh, J. L. (2009). Employee learning orientation, transformational leadership, and employee creativity: The mediating role of employee creative self-efficacy. Academy of Management Journal, 52(4), 765-778. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.43670890

Goodwin, V. L., Whittington, J. L., Murray, B., & Nichols, T. (2011). Moderator or mediator? Examining the role of trust in the transformational leadership paradigm. Journal of Managerial Issues, 23(4), 409-425.

Guenter, H., Schreurs, B., van Emmerik, I. H., & Sun, S. (2017). What does it take to break the silence in teams: Authentic leadership and/or proactive followership? Applied Psychology, 66(1), 49-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12076

Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461-473.

Hassan, A., & Ahmed, F. (2011). Authentic leadership, trust and work engagement. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 6(3), 164-170.

Hawkins, P. (2017). Leadership team coaching: Developing collective transformational leadership. 3rd edition. London: Kogan Page Publishers.

Henker, N., Sonnentag, S., & Unger, D. (2015). Transformational leadership and employee creativity: the mediating role of promotion focus and creative process engagement. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(2), 235-247.

Hsiung, H. H. (2012). Authentic leadership and employee voice behavior: A multi-level psychological process. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3), 349-361.

Hughes, L. W., & Avey, J. B. (2009). Transforming with levity: Humor, leadership, and follower attitudes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(6), 540-562.

Jiang, H. (2012). A model of work–life conflict and quality of employee–organization relationships (EORs): Transformational leadership, procedural justice, and family-supportive workplace initiatives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 231-245.

Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755-768.

Judijanto, L., Lesmana, T., & Zulfikri, A. (2024). The Effect of Employee Development Policy, Work Environment, and Transformational Leadership on Employee Creativity in Indonesia's Creative Industries. West Science Interdisciplinary Studies, 2(03), 541-551. https://doi.org/ 10.58812/wsis.v2i03.725

Karimi, S., Ahmadi Malek, F., Yaghoubi Farani, A., & Liobikienė, G. (2023). The role of transformational leadership in developing innovative work behaviors: The mediating role of employees’ psychological capital. Sustainability, 15(2), 1267. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021267

Khanin, D. (2007). Contrasting Burns and Bass: Does the transactional‐transformational paradigm live up to Burns' philosophy of transforming leadership?. Journal of Leadership Studies, 1(3), 7-25.

Khurosani, A. (2018). Transformational Leadership, Employee Creativity and Organizational Innovation, The Intervening Role of Organizational Learning Culture. Advanced Science Letters, 24(4), 2557-2560.

Koh, D., Lee, K., & Joshi, K. (2019). Transformational leadership and creativity: A meta‐analytic review and identification of an integrated model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(6), 625-650. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2355

Konovsky, M. A., & Pugh, S. D. (1994). Citizenship behavior and social exchange. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 656-669.

Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge. 5th edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kwok, M. L. J., Kwong, R., Wong, M., & Duan, J. (2023). Great leaders do everything: a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, trust in leader, helping behaviour, and idiosyncratic deals. Asian Business & Management, 22(2), 549-569. https://doi.org/10.1057/ s41291-022-00178-2

Lavelle, J. J., Rupp, D. E., & Brockner, J. (2007). Taking a multifoci approach to the study of justice, social exchange, and citizenship behavior: The target similarity model. Journal of Management, 33(6), 841-866.

Lee, M. C. C., Lin, M. H., Srinivasan, P. M., & Carr, S. C. (2023). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: new mediating roles for trustworthiness and trust in team leaders. Current Psychology, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05095-x

Liang, T. L., Chang, H. F., Ko, M. H., & Lin, C. W. (2017). Transformational leadership and employee voices in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 374-392.

Lim, J. Y., & Moon, K. K. (2022). Transformational leadership and employees' helping and innovative behaviors: contextual influences of organizational justice. International Journal of Manpower, 43(4), 1033-1053. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-02-2020-0044

Liu, X., Bai, Y. & Zhang, R. (2011). Development and validation of the organizational creativity inventory in a Chinese context. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, San Antonio.

McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 5(4), 117-130.

Mishra, A.K. (1996). Organizational responses to crisis: The centrality of trust. In M. In Kramer, R. M. and Tyler, T. R., (Eds.), Trust in organizations: frontiers of theory and reach. (pp. 261-287), London: Sage.

Mo, S., & Shi, J. (2017). Linking ethical leadership to employee burnout, workplace deviance and performance: Testing the mediating roles of trust in leader and surface acting. Journal of Business Ethics, 144(2), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2821-z

Moriano, J. A., Molero, F., Topa, G., & Mangin, J. P. L. (2014). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational identification on intrapreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(1), 103-119.

Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173-197.

Müceldili, B., Turan, H., & Erdil, O. (2013). The influence of authentic leadership on creativity and innovativeness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 99, 673-681.

Nguyen, T. P. L., Nguyen, T. T., Duong, C. D., & Doan, X. H. (2022). The effects of transformational leadership on employee creativity in Vietnam telecommunications enterprises. Management decision, 60(3), 837-857.

Odumeru, J. A., & Ogbonna, I. G. (2013). Transformational vs. transactional leadership theories: Evidence in literature. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(2), 355-361.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., ve Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The leadership quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.

Pradhan, S., & Pradhan, R. K. (2016). Transformational leadership and job outcomes: the mediating role of meaningful work. Global Business Review, 17(3S), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 0972150916631211

Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & e Cunha, M. P. (2012). Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity. Journal of Business Research, 65(3), 429-437.

Reiter, V., Tzafrir, S. S., & Laor, N. (2018). Patterns of Trust and Collaboration among Nonprofit Organizations and Health Funds: A Case Study. Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs, 4(2), 134-155. https://doi.org/10.20899/jpna.4.2.134-155

Robert, L. P., Denis, A. R., & Hung, Y. T. C. (2009). Individual swift trust and knowledge-based trust in face-to-face and virtual team members. Journal of Management Information Systems, 26(2), 241-279.

Robertson, J. L., & Barling, J. (2017). Contrasting the nature and effects of environmentally specific and general transformational leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-05-2015-0100

Rukmani, K., Ramesh, M., & Jayakrishnan, J. (2010). Effect of leadership styles on organizational effectiveness. European Journal of Social Sciences, 15(3), 365-369.

Rusbult, C. E., Farrell, D., Rogers, G., & Mainous III, A. G. (1988). Impact of exchange variables on exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect: An integrative model of responses to declining job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 599-627.

Sarwar, A., Mumtaz, M., & Ikram, S. (2015). Improving Organizational Citizenship Behavior through Transformational Leadership: Mediating role of Trust in Leader. Asian Journal of Business Management, 7(2), 28-36.

Tsai, K. C. (2013). Leadership recipes for promoting students’ creativity. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(5), 1-9.

Tucker, B. A., & Russell, R. F. (2004). The influence of the transformational leader. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 10(4), 103-111.

Ural, A., & Kılıç, İ. (2018). Bilimsel araştırma süreci ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Detay Yayıncılık. Ankara.

Van Dierendonck, D., Stam, D., Boersma, P., De Windt, N., & Alkema, J. (2014). Same difference? Exploring the differential mechanisms linking servant leadership and transformational leadership to follower outcomes. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 544-562.

Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.

Virgiawan, A. R., Riyanto, S., & Endri, E. (2021). Organizational culture as a mediator motivation and transformational leadership on employee performance. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(3), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0065

Wang, B., Qian, J., Ou, R., Huang, C., Xu, B., & Xia, Y. (2016). Transformational leadership and employees' feedback seeking: The mediating role of trust in leader. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 44(7), 1201-1208. https://doi.org/10.2224/ sbp.2016.44.7.1201

Wang, H. J., Demerouti, E., & Le Blanc, P. (2017). Transformational leadership, adaptability, and job crafting: The moderating role of organizational identification. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 185-195.

Wang, Y., Zheng, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2018). How transformational leadership influences employee voice behavior: The roles of psychological capital and organizational identification. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 46(2), 313-321.

Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of management review, 23(3), 513-530.

Xu, B. D., Zhao, S. K., Li, C. R., & Lin, C. J. (2017). Authentic leadership and employee creativity: testing the multilevel mediation model. Leadership & organization development journal, 38(3), 482-498.

Xu, S., Yaacob, Z., & Cao, D. (2024). How transformational leadership promotes employee creativity within the context of environmental dynamism: a multilevel perspective. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 27(2), 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-06-2023-0117

Yasin Ghadi, M., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning in work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532-550.

Yukl, G., (1999). An evaluation of conceptual weaknesses in transformational and charismatic leadership theories, Leadership Quarterly, 10(2), 285-305.

Yusup, A., & Maulani, I. E. (2023). The influence of transformational leadership on employee motivation. Devotion: Journal of Research and Community Service, 4(3), 798-802. https://doi.org/10.36418/ devotion.v4i3.441

Zhang, G., & Inness, M. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee voice: a model of proactive motivation. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(7), 777-790. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/LODJ-01-2019-0017

Published

2024-11-30

How to Cite

Demirtaş, Özgür, & Biçkes, D. M. (2024). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Prosocial Behaviors: A Case Study in Kayseri. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HUMANITIES SCIENCES RESEARCH, 11(113), 2426–2439. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14279373