THE CONCEPT OF CONTEMPLATION (TAFAKKUR) IN ISMĀʿĪL ḤAḲḲĪ AL-BRŪSAWĪ’S RŪḤ AL-BAYĀN FĪ TAFSĪR AL-QURʾĀN

Abstract

The word contemplation is widely mentioned in the Qurʾān and is a concept that has an important place in religious literature. In the Qur'an, this concept is used with words with close meaning; people were constantly reminded of its religious and moral importance. If a person created by a perfect state is also a thinking being, it is also an indication that contemplation is an important power acquired by a person. In the verses of contemplation mentioned in the Qur'an, man is invited to act in line with this ability and it is often stated that he should take a lesson from the truth. In this way, man will develop himself in terms of faith and continue his life in order to be sırat-ı mustaqim. This direction will be instrumental in reaching all perfections with the spiritual states that a person will achieve as a result of contemplation. In this article, the concept of contemplation was examined in Ismāʿīl Ḥaḳḳī al-Brūsawī 's work, Rūḥ al-Bayān, Brūsawī 's approach to verses is considered from a Sufism point of view, focusing on the concept of contemplation in the world of thought. In work called Rūḥ al-Bayān, verses of contemplation were examined; Contemplation of some verses related to the sky, earth, plants and animals is emphasized.