EXAMPLE OF AMBASSADOR EXCHANGE IN OTTOMAN: THE OTTOMAN-HABSBURG AMBASSADOR EXCHANGE AFTER THE PASAROWITZ TREATY

Abstract

The exchange of ambassadors, which is one of the important applications of Ottoman diplomacy, means that the relevant states send ambassadors to each other to develop mutually friendly relations after any agreement. Details such as when and how the specified exchange transactions would take place were expressed in the articles of the agreement made between the parties. The exchange of ambassadors is very important in terms of the development and practice of diplomatic relations between states. In the study, the exchange of ambassadors between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburgs after the Treaty of Passarowitz was discussed. The details of the embassy activities of İbrahim Pasha, who was sent to Vienna within the scope of the mutual exchange of ambassadors specified in the 17th article of the Passarowitz Treaty, and Damian Hugo von Virmont, who was sent to Istanbul by the Habsburg government, were emphasized. Accordingly, the exchange of ambassadors in the Ottoman Empire and its diplomatic details were handled specifically for Virmont and İbrahim Pasha. In this direction, the relevant exchange transactions were compared with the general ambassador exchanges applied in Ottoman diplomacy. Again, before and after the exchange transactions, the expenses made for the Ottoman and Habsburg ambassadors and diplomatic practices were compared and the questions of what were the similarities and changes were answered. In the findings obtained after the study, it was determined that the exchange of ambassadors after Passarowitz had similar characteristics with the exchanges of ambassadors that took place before in Ottoman history, except for some differences. Again, the relevant exchange transactions set an example for future exchange transactions.